APMAdvances in Precision Medicine2424-85922424-9106WHIOCE PUBLISHING PTE. LTD.10.18063/APM.v11i3.1674ArticleResearch Progress on Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Noduleshttps://artdesignp.com/journal/APM/11/3/10.18063/APM.v11i3.1674SunJing,YangYing,DongShaoyong20261132026-03-26Pulmonary nodules may serve as early manifestations of lung cancer, and accurate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions directly influences clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Traditional imaging features provide fundamental morphological references, yet their application is prone to subjective bias and exhibits significant limitations in detecting microlesions. Breakthroughs have been achieved in research on quantitative functional imaging metrics, radiomics information, AI-assisted models, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Multimodal and multi-parameter fusion-based discriminant models have demonstrated enhanced efficiency in nodule characterization, emerging as a core research trend in this field.Pulmonary nodule,Benign-malignant differentiation,Biomarker,Radiomics,Artificial intelligence

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