<?xml version="1.1" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">APM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Advances in Precision Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>2424-8592</issn><eissn>2424-9106</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>WHIOCE PUBLISHING PTE. LTD.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18063/APM.v11i2.1414</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Circadian Clock-Related Genes and Their Impact on Glioma Prognosis: Creation of a Risk Scoring System and Treatment Insights</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/APM/11/2/10.18063/APM.v11i2.1414</url><author>GuoLingdi,LiRuiguo,MaoXingyun,HengXueyuan</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2026-02-26</published-time></date></history><abstract>Glioma, a common and aggressive type of brain tumor, poses considerable difficulties in terms of prognosis and treatment. This research seeks to clarify the influence of circadian clock-related genes on glioma prognosis and to establish a reliable risk scoring system. We obtained RNA sequencing data from the TCGA-GBM and GSE15209. A total of 297 circadian clock-related genes were sourced from the MSigDB database. The DESeq2 algorithm was assigned to detect differentially expressed genes, resulting in the discovery of 16 co-expressed genes through Venn diagram analysis. A risk scoring system was developed using LASSO regression analyses, pinpointing eight crucial predictive genes. Their prognostic significance was evaluated through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and ROC curve validation. A nomogram was created to estimate overall survival probabilities at 1, 3, and 5 years, showing strong predictive accuracy. This study offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the prognostic significance of circadian clock-associated genes in glioma and suggests potential therapeutic strategies.</abstract><keywords>Glioma, Circadian rhythm, Bioinformatics, Prognosis</keywords></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>[1] Schaff LR, Mellinghoff IK, 2023, Glioblastoma and Other Primary Brain Malignancies in Adults: A Review.&amp;nbsp;JAMA, 329(7): 574-587.
[2] Omuro A, DeAngelis LM, 2013, Glioblastoma and Other Malignant Gliomas: A Clinical Review.&amp;nbsp;JAMA, 310(17): 1842-1850.
[3] Fisher JP, Adamson DC, 2021, Current FDA-Approved Therapies for High-Grade Malignant Gliomas.&amp;nbsp;Biomedicines, 9(3): 324.
[4] Teixeira SA, Viapiano MS, Andrade AF, et al., 2021, The Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor E7070 Sensitizes Glioblastoma Cells to Radio-and Chemotherapy and Reduces Tumor Growth.&amp;nbsp;Mol Neurobiol, 58(9): 4520-4534.
[5] Qu M, Zhang G, Qu H, et al., 2023, Circadian Regulator BMAL1: : CLOCK Promotes Cell Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Controlling Apoptosis and Cell Cycle.&amp;nbsp;Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 120(2): e2214829120.
[6] Yang W, Li J, Zhang M, et al., 2022, Elevated Expression of the Rhythm Gene NFIL3 Promotes the Progression of TNBC by Activating NF-&amp;kappa;B Signaling Through Suppression of NFKBIA Transcription.&amp;nbsp;J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 41(1): 67.
[7] Han Q, Li M, Su D, et al., 2024, Bmal1 Regulates the Stemness and Tumorigenesis of Gliomas with the Wnt/&amp;beta;-Catenin Signaling Pathway.&amp;nbsp;Gene, 148940.
[8] Gao Y, Wu Y, Zhang N, et al., 2021, IDH1 Gene Mutation Activates Smad Signaling Molecules to Regulate the Expression Levels of Cell Cycle and Biological Rhythm Genes in Human Glioma U87-MG Cells.&amp;nbsp;Mol Med Rep, 23(5): 354.
[9] Castellana S, Biagini T, Petrizzelli F, et al., 2022, RhythmicDB: A Database of Predicted Multi-Frequency Rhythmic Transcripts.&amp;nbsp;Front Genet, 13: 882044.
[10] DeCordova S, Shastri A, Tsolaki AG, et al., 2020, Molecular Heterogeneity and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma.&amp;nbsp;Front Immunol, 11: 1402.
[11] Reifenberger G, Wirsching HG, Knobbe-Thomsen CB, et al., 2017, Advances in the Molecular Genetics of Gliomas-Implications for Classification and Therapy.&amp;nbsp;Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 14(7): 434-452.
[12] Nicholson JG, Fine HA, 2021, Diffuse Glioma Heterogeneity and Its Therapeutic Implications.&amp;nbsp;Cancer Discov, 11(3): 575-590.
[13] Chandran M, Candolfi M, Shah D, et al., 2017, Single vs. Combination Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Glioma.&amp;nbsp;Expert Opin Biol Ther, 17(5): 543-554.
[14] Zhao Y, Lu X, Wan F, et al., 2022, Disruption of Circadian Rhythms by Shift Work Exacerbates Reperfusion Injury in Myocardial Infarction.&amp;nbsp;J Am Coll Cardiol, 79(21): 2097-2115.
[15] Yang T, Huang W, Ma T, et al., 2023, The PRMT6/PARP1/CRL4B Complex Regulates the Circadian Clock and Promotes Breast Tumorigenesis.&amp;nbsp;Adv Sci (Weinh), 10(14): e2202737.
[16] Creasy CA, Meng YJ, Forget MA, et al., 2022, Genomic Correlates of Outcome in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma.&amp;nbsp;Clin Cancer Res, 28(9): 1911-1924.
[17] Zhang H, Zhang N, Liu Y, et al., 2019, Epigenetic Regulation of NAMPT by NAMPT-AS Drives Metastatic Progression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.&amp;nbsp;Cancer Res, 79(13): 3347-3359.
[18] Eichner LJ, Curtis SD, Brun SN, et al., 2023, HDAC3 Is Critical in Tumor Development and Therapeutic Resistance in Kras-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.&amp;nbsp;Sci Adv, 9(11): eadd3243.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
